Post & beam
The honest bent — vertical posts, horizontal beams, braced and pegged.
Post and beam is the plainest frame there is — and the most honest. Vertical posts carry the load, horizontal beams tie them together, and a knee brace keeps the whole thing from racking.
How it works
posts vertical, carry the roof down to the sills beams horizontal, carry the floor + roof load braces diagonal, resist racking in the wind joints mortise & tenon, pegged with oak
When to use it
Anything you want to see the bones of. The frame stays exposed inside, so every joint is part of the room. This is the frame most people picture when they say "timber frame."